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Carlos J. Pérez-González Arturo J. Fernández 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2019,89(13):2489-2504
An accurate procedure is proposed to calculate approximate moments of progressive order statistics in the context of statistical inference for lifetime models. The study analyses the performance of power series expansion to approximate the moments for location and scale distributions with high precision and smaller deviations with respect to the exact values. A comparative analysis between exact and approximate methods is shown using some tables and figures. The different approximations are applied in two situations. First, we consider the problem of computing the large sample variance–covariance matrix of maximum likelihood estimators. We also use the approximations to obtain progressively censored sampling plans for log-normal distributed data. These problems illustrate that the presented procedure is highly useful to compute the moments with precision for numerous censoring patterns and, in many cases, is the only valid method because the exact calculation may not be applicable. 相似文献
13.
Stephen J. Ruberg Frank E. Harrell Jr. Margaret Gamalo-Siebers Lisa LaVange J. Jack Lee Karen Price 《The American statistician》2019,73(1):319-327
ABSTRACTThe cost and time of pharmaceutical drug development continue to grow at rates that many say are unsustainable. These trends have enormous impact on what treatments get to patients, when they get them and how they are used. The statistical framework for supporting decisions in regulated clinical development of new medicines has followed a traditional path of frequentist methodology. Trials using hypothesis tests of “no treatment effect” are done routinely, and the p-value < 0.05 is often the determinant of what constitutes a “successful” trial. Many drugs fail in clinical development, adding to the cost of new medicines, and some evidence points blame at the deficiencies of the frequentist paradigm. An unknown number effective medicines may have been abandoned because trials were declared “unsuccessful” due to a p-value exceeding 0.05. Recently, the Bayesian paradigm has shown utility in the clinical drug development process for its probability-based inference. We argue for a Bayesian approach that employs data from other trials as a “prior” for Phase 3 trials so that synthesized evidence across trials can be utilized to compute probability statements that are valuable for understanding the magnitude of treatment effect. Such a Bayesian paradigm provides a promising framework for improving statistical inference and regulatory decision making. 相似文献
14.
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Brazil took advantage of its economically and politically privileged position to challenge global normative structures. In 2004, the concept of “non-indifference” was integrated into the Brazilian vocabulary of foreign policy, justifying and legitimating the country’s acceptance of the invitation to command the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). On the one hand, non-indifference can be read as a discursive maneuver that enabled Brazil to accommodate its non-interventionist agenda to an old geopolitical game, given the pressure imposed upon “global players” to respond effectively and assertively to threats to international peace and security. On the other hand, the “Brazilian way” could also be seen as an alternative to a highly masculinized geopolitical approach to international security. This paper explores possible limitations, tensions and/or opportunities that emerge from the encounter between a feminist diplomatic agenda and a masculinizing ordering of the international space. It does so by contrasting Brazil’s ambition for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), the club of powerful states, with Brazil’s diplomatic and military performance during MINUSTAH, widely evaluated as a success due to characteristics such as solidarity, generosity, flexibility and the “warm conviviality” of Brazilian culture. 相似文献
15.
刘桂侠 《西南农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2019,6(5):96-104
体验式学习的内涵随着时代的发展而逐渐丰富和深化,但无论其如何演变,直接经验和反思始终是体验式学习这一概念的内核。体验式学习理念渗透于美国教育文化之中。具体表现在:小学阶段的教育以学生的真实感知为基础,注重为学生提供真实体验的机会和激发学生的学习兴趣;中学尤其是高中阶段的教育以学生的真实体验为基础,注重为学生提供在新情境中检验所学知识的机会,注重学生知识、技能的内化吸收。美国中小学体验式学习的实施经验可为我国基础教育课程改革提供如下启示:(1)进一步树立和推广体验式学习理念;(2)创设学生进行真实体验的教学环境;(3)注重实施基于学生体验式学习的表现性评价。 相似文献
16.
Zoran Vidović 《Journal of applied statistics》2019,46(4):715-724
The modified Weibull distribution can be used quite effectively to model complex data from mechanical engineering or survival analysis studies that posses a monotonic or a bathtub-shape hazard rate. In this paper, we study the MLEs of the parameters of a modified Weibull distribution model in the presence of upper kth record values. The existence and uniqueness of the MLEs are proven in this case. Real data analysis is performed for illustrative purposes. 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACTHuge advances have been made in deepening and expanding our knowledge of gendered migration over the last decades in both theoretical and methodological terms. Empirically it is, however, still the case that North–South migration is at the basis of most theorisations, leaving the characteristics of South–South migration at the margins. In this paper we, therefore, shift the focus to intra- and trans-regional migration in a South–South context in exploring what this means for women migrants. While feminist scholars have highlighted care and the ways in which migration challenges social reproduction as an important issue, mainstream approaches continue to focus predominantly on the ‘productive’ lives of migrant workers. With migration theories still largely drawing on the experience of South–North migration, there continues to be relatively little understanding of South–South migration’s gender dynamics, despite the fact that many of the highly feminised, yet hyper-precarious, migration flows occur intra-regionally. 相似文献
18.
兰婷 《西南农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2019,6(2):92-99
随着一系列恶性事件被媒体曝光,社会各界普遍关注和担忧校园欺凌问题,如何解决这一问题,已成为社会焦点。通过共词分析法对我国中小学校园欺凌问题研究现状进行考察发现,其研究主题主要包括六大类:校园欺凌行为特征研究、校园欺凌与学校管理的关系研究、校园欺凌与人际交往的关系研究、校园欺凌的成因与对策研究、校园欺凌的预防与治理研究、校园欺凌的社会问题研究,而研究的薄弱环节则主要包括品格教育研究、学生自我保护研究以及网络欺凌问题研究。因此,校园欺凌问题研究亟待进一步深化,研究视角也需进一步拓展。首先,除欺凌者、被欺凌者之外,旁观者也应纳入研究范畴,要将欺凌者和被欺凌者实施隔离,对受欺凌者要及时给予心理疏导,引导旁观者积极主动地帮助被欺凌者;其次,建议尽快出台相关的法律法规,为学校、教师及相关部门有效处理、解决校园欺凌问题提供法律支持及保障;最后,将综合预防与治理相结合,建立由学校、教师、学生组成的反欺凌共同体。 相似文献
19.
龙文展 《重庆文理学院学报》2019,38(6):104-113
近代巴蜀诗人李士棻曾被曾国藩誉为“太白醉魂”,为曾府门下“四川三李”之一,其诗作有浓郁的巴蜀文化特色。然李氏仕宦不显,长期以来学界对其关注不足,学界近年不多的相关研究,多围绕国内所存的文献,对其诗歌创作进行艺术分析,对诗人的生平介绍多简单略过,没有严谨的考证,目前仍然很有争议。通过搜罗国内外现存典籍,综合目前所见李士棻本人著述,辅以晚清近代重要报刊《申报》和与李氏有交往的朝鲜文人文献,考证其生卒年及别号,冀为今后的相关研究解决基础问题。 相似文献
20.
林志鹏 《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》2019,18(6):44-52
袁了凡(袁黄)以其《了凡四训》闻名于世,该书亦被当作训子家书。其实,了凡所作家训并非《了凡四训》,而是《训儿俗说》。作为王龙溪(王畿)的及门弟子,了凡在思想上是阳明后学的一分子,其人生轨迹属于典型的儒家士大夫,其日常修持及著述呈现三教汇通的思想特色。了凡家风淳朴,家学深厚,以儒为宗,兼收并蓄,强调道德主义,注重积德行善,具有出世情怀,对其人格产生深刻影响。 相似文献